Whole Planet Foundation

Following more than three centuries under Portuguese rule, Brazil gained its independence in 1822, maintaining a

monarchical system of government until the abolition of slavery in 1888 and the subsequent proclamation of a

republic by the military in 1889. Brazilian coffee exporters politically dominated the country until populist

leader Getulio VARGAS rose to power in 1930. By far the largest and most populous country in South America, Brazil

underwent more than half a century of populist and military government until 1985, when the military regime

peacefully ceded power to civilian rulers. Brazil continues to pursue industrial and agricultural growth and

development of its interior. Exploiting vast natural resources and a large labor pool, it is today South America's

leading economic power and a regional leader, one of the first in the area to begin an economic recovery. Highly

unequal income distribution and crime remain pressing problems. In January 2010, Brazil assumed a nonpermanent

seat on the UN Security Council for the 2010-11 term.
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Location:

Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
Geographic coordinates:

10 00 S, 55 00 W
Map references:

South America
Area:

total: 8,514,877 sq km
country comparison to the world: 5
land: 8,459,417 sq km
water: 55,460 sq km
note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos

de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
Area - comparative:

slightly smaller than the US
Land boundaries:

total: 16,885 km
border countries: Argentina 1,261 km, Bolivia 3,423 km, Colombia 1,644 km, French Guiana 730 km, Guyana 1,606 km,

Paraguay 1,365 km, Peru 2,995 km, Suriname 593 km, Uruguay 1,068 km, Venezuela 2,200 km
Coastline:

7,491 km
Maritime claims:

territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin
Climate:

mostly tropical, but temperate in south
Terrain:

mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
Elevation extremes:

lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico da Neblina 2,994 m
Natural resources:

bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel, phosphates, platinum, tin, rare earth elements, uranium, petroleum,

hydropower, timber
Land use:

arable land: 6.93%
permanent crops: 0.89%
other: 92.18% (2005)
Irrigated land:

45,000 sq km (2008)
Total renewable water resources:

8,233 cu km (2000)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):

total: 59.3 cu km/yr (20%/18%/62%)
per capita: 318 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:

recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south
Environment - current issues:

deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers a multitude of plant and animal species

indigenous to the area; there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro,

Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining

activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills
Environment - international agreements:

party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Seals, Antarctic Treaty,

Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental

Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical

Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:

largest country in South America; shares common boundaries with every South American country except Chile and

Ecuador
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Nationality:

noun: Brazilian(s)
adjective: Brazilian
Ethnic groups:

white 53.7%, mulatto (mixed white and black) 38.5%, black 6.2%, other (includes Japanese, Arab, Amerindian) 0.9%,

unspecified 0.7% (2000 census)
Languages:

Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language)
note: less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and a

large number of minor Amerindian languages
Religions:

Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified

0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)
Population:

203,429,773 (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 5
note: Brazil conducted a census in August 2000, which reported a population of 169,872,855; that figure was about

3.8% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the

1991 census
Age structure:

0-14 years: 26.2% (male 27,219,651/female 26,180,040)
15-64 years: 67% (male 67,524,642/female 68,809,357)
65 years and over: 6.7% (male 5,796,433/female 7,899,650) (2011 est.)
Median age:

total: 29.3 years
male: 28.5 years
female: 30.1 years (2011 est.)
Population growth rate:

1.134% (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 104
Birth rate:

17.79 births/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 108
Death rate:

6.36 deaths/1,000 population (July 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 151
Net migration rate:

-0.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 121
Urbanization:

urban population: 87% of total population (2010)
rate of urbanization: 1.1% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.)
Major cities - population:

Sao Paulo 19.96 million; Rio de Janeiro 11.836 million; Belo Horizonte 5.736 million; Porto Alegre 4.034 million;

BRASILIA (capital) 3.789 million (2009)
Sex ratio:

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female
total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
Maternal mortality rate:

58 deaths/100,000 live births (2008)
country comparison to the world: 93
Infant mortality rate:

total: 21.17 deaths/1,000 live births
country comparison to the world: 93
male: 24.63 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 17.53 deaths/1,000 live births (2011 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:

total population: 72.53 years
country comparison to the world: 124
male: 68.97 years
female: 76.27 years (2011 est.)
Total fertility rate:

2.18 children born/woman (2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 107
Health expenditures:

9% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 44
Physicians density:

1.72 physicians/1,000 population (2007)
country comparison to the world: 75
Hospital bed density:

2.4 beds/1,000 population (2009)
country comparison to the world: 91
Drinking water source:

improved:
urban: 99% of population
rural: 84% of population
total: 97% of population
unimproved:
urban: 1% of population
rural: 16% of population
total: 3% of population (2008)
Sanitation facility access:

improved:
urban: 87% of population
rural: 37% of population
total: 80% of population
unimproved:
urban: 13% of population
rural: 63% of population
total: 20% of population (2008)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:

NA
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:

NA
HIV/AIDS - deaths:

NA
Obesity - adult prevalence rate:

11.1% (2003)
country comparison to the world: 52
Children under the age of 5 years underweight:

2.2% (2007)
country comparison to the world: 110
Education expenditures:

5.08% of GDP (2007)
country comparison to the world: 55
Literacy:

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 88.6%
male: 88.4%
female: 88.8% (2004 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):

total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2008)
Unemployment, youth ages 15-24:

total: 17.8%
country comparison to the world: 65
male: 13.9%
female: 23.1% (2009)
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Country name:

conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil
conventional short form: Brazil
local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil
local short form: Brasil
Government type:

federal republic
Capital:

name: Brasilia
geographic coordinates: 15 47 S, 47 55 W
time difference: UTC-3 (2 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins third Sunday in October; ends last Sunday in February
note: Brazil is divided into three time zones, including one for the Fernando de Noronha Islands
Administrative divisions:

26 states (estados, singular - estado) and 1 federal district* (distrito federal); Acre, Alagoas, Amapa, Amazonas,

Bahia, Ceara, Distrito Federal*, Espirito Santo, Goias, Maranhao, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais,

Para, Paraiba, Parana, Pernambuco, Piaui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Sul, Rondonia,

Roraima, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe, Tocantins
Independence:

7 September 1822 (from Portugal)
National holiday:

Independence Day, 7 September (1822)
Constitution:

5 October 1988
Legal system:

civil law; note - a new Brazilian civil law code was enacted in 2002 replacing the 1916 code
International law organization participation:

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Suffrage:

voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note -

military conscripts do not vote
Executive branch:

chief of state: President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January

2011); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Dilma ROUSSEFF (since 1 January 2011); Vice President Michel TEMER (since 1 January

2011)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president
(For more information visit the World Leaders website Opens in New Window)
elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a single four-year term;

election last held on 3 October 2010 with runoff on 31 October 2010 (next to be held on 5 October 2014 and, if

necessary, a runoff election on 2 November 2014)
election results: Dilma ROUSSEFF (PT) elected president in a runoff election; percent of vote - Dilma ROUSSEFF

56.01%, Jose SERRA (PSDB) 43.99%
Legislative branch:

bicameral National Congress or Congresso Nacional consists of the Federal Senate or Senado Federal (81 seats; 3

members from each state and federal district elected according to the principle of majority to serve eight-year

terms; one-third and two-thirds of members elected every four years, alternately) and the Chamber of Deputies or

Camara dos Deputados (513 seats; members are elected by proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: Federal Senate - last held on 3 October 2010 for two-thirds of the Senate (next to be held in October

2014 for one-third of the Senate); Chamber of Deputies - last held on 3 October 2010 (next to be held in October

2014)
election results: Federal Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PMDB 20, PT 13, PSDB 10, DEM

(formerly PFL) 7, PTdoB 6, PP 5, PDT 4, PR 4, PSB 4, PPS 1, PRB 1, other 3; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote

by party - NA; seats by party - PT 87, PMDB 80, PSDB 53, DEM (formerly PFL) 43, PP 41, PR 41, PSB 34, PDT 28,

PTdoB 21, PSC 17, PCdoB 15, PV 15, PPS 12, other 18
Judicial branch:

Supreme Federal Tribunal or STF (11 ministers are appointed for life by the president and confirmed by the

Senate); Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal Tribunals (judges are appointed for life); note - though

appointed "for life," judges, like all federal employees, have a mandatory retirement age of 70
Political parties and leaders:

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party or PMDB [Federal Deputy Michel TEMER]; Brazilian Labor Party or PTB [Roberto

JEFFERSON]; Brazilian Renewal Labor Party or PRTB [Jose Levy FIDELIX da Cruz]; Brazilian Republican Party or PRB

[Vitor Paulo Araujo DOS SANTOS]; Brazilian Social Democracy Party or PSDB [Senator Sergio GUERRA]; Brazilian

Socialist Party or PSB [Governor Eduardo Henrique Accioly CAMPOS]; Christian Labor Party or PTC [Daniel TOURINHO];

Communist Party of Brazil or PCdoB [Jose Renato RABELO]; Democratic Labor Party or PDT [Carlos Roberto LUPI]; the

Democrats or DEM [Federal Deputy Rodrigo MAIA] (formerly Liberal Front Party or PFL); Freedom and Socialism Party

or PSOL [Heloisa HELENA]; Green Party or PV [Jose Luiz de Franca PENNA]; Humanist Party of Solidarity or PHS

[Paulo Roberto MATOS]; Labor Party of Brazil or PTdoB [Luis Henrique de Oliveira RESENDE]; Liberal Front Party or

PFL (now known as the Democrats or DEM); National Mobilization Party or PMN [Oscar Noronha FILHO]; Party of the

Republic or PR [Sergio TAMER]; Popular Socialist Party or PPS [Federal Deputy Fernando CORUJA]; Progressive Party

or PP [Francisco DORNELLES]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Vitor Jorge Abdala NOSSEIS]; Workers' Party or PT

[Jose Eduardo DUTRA]
Political pressure groups and leaders:

Landless Workers' Movement or MST
other: labor unions and federations; large farmers' associations; religious groups including evangelical Christian

churches and the Catholic Church
International organization participation:

AfDB (nonregional member), BIS, CAN (associate), CPLP, FAO, FATF, G-15, G-20, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO,

ICC, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES,

LAIA, LAS (observer), Mercosur, MIGA, MINURSO, MINUSTAH, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Paris Club

(associate), PCA, RG, SICA (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP,

UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNISFA, UNITAR, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO,

WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Mauro Luiz Iecker VIEIRA
chancery: 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 238-2805
FAX: [1] (202) 238-2827
consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US:

chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas A. SHANNON
embassy: Avenida das Nacoes, Quadra 801, Lote 3, Distrito Federal Cep 70403-900, Brasilia
mailing address: Unit 7500, DPO, AA 34030
telephone: [55] (61) 3312-7000
FAX: [55] (61) 3225-9136
consulate(s) general: Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo
consulate(s): Recife
Flag description:

green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars;

the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress); the current flag was

inspired by the banner of the former Empire of Brazil (1822-1889); on the imperial flag, the green represented the

House of Braganza of Pedro I, the first Emperor of Brazil, while the yellow stood for the Habsburg Family of his

wife; on the modern flag the green represents the forests of the country and the yellow rhombus its mineral

wealth; the blue circle and stars, which replaced the coat of arms of the original flag, depict the sky over Rio

de Janeiro on the morning of 15 November 1889 - the day the Republic of Brazil was declared; the number of stars

has changed with the creation of new states and has risen from an original 21 to the current 27 (one for each

state and the Federal District)
National symbol(s):

Southern Cross constellation
National anthem:

name: "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" (Brazilian National Anthem)
lyrics/music: Joaquim Osorio Duque ESTRADA/Francisco Manoel DA SILVA
note: music adopted 1890, lyrics adopted 1922; the anthem's music, composed in 1822, was used unofficially for

many years before it was adopted
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Economy - overview:

Characterized by large and well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectors, Brazil's

economy outweighs that of all other South American countries, and Brazil is expanding its presence in world

markets. Since 2003, Brazil has steadily improved its macroeconomic stability, building up foreign reserves, and

reducing its debt profile by shifting its debt burden toward real denominated and domestically held instruments.

In 2008, Brazil became a net external creditor and two ratings agencies awarded investment grade status to its

debt. After record growth in 2007 and 2008, the onset of the global financial crisis hit Brazil in September 2008.

Brazil experienced two quarters of recession, as global demand for Brazil's commodity-based exports dwindled and

external credit dried up. However, Brazil was one of the first emerging markets to begin a recovery. Consumer and

investor confidence revived and GDP growth returned to positive in 2010, boosted by an export recovery. Brazil's

strong growth and high interest rates make it an attractive destination for foreign investors. Large capital

inflows over the past year have contributed to the rapid appreciation of its currency and led the government to

raise taxes on some foreign investments. President Dilma ROUSSEFF has pledged to retain the previous

administration's commitment to inflation targeting by the Central Bank, a floating exchange rate, and fiscal

restraint.
GDP (purchasing power parity):

$2.172 trillion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
$2.021 trillion (2009 est.)
$2.034 trillion (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):

$2.09 trillion (2010 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:

7.5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 29
-0.6% (2009 est.)
5.2% (2008 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):

$10,800 (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 102
$10,200 (2009 est.)
$10,400 (2008 est.)
note: data are in 2010 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 5.8%
industry: 26.8%
services: 67.4% (2010 est.)
Labor force:

102.2 million (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 6
Labor force - by occupation:

agriculture: 20%
industry: 14%
services: 66% (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate:

6.7% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 62
8.1% (2009 est.)
Population below poverty line:

26% (2008)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:

lowest 10%: 1.2%
highest 10%: 42.5% (2009)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:

53.9 (2009)
country comparison to the world: 13
60.7 (1998)
Investment (gross fixed):

18.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 137
Budget:

revenues: $822.6 billion
expenditures: $762.1 billion (2010 est.)
Taxes and other revenues:

39.4% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 45
Budget surplus (+) or deficit (-):

2.9% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Public debt:

54.7% of GDP (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 43
62% of GDP (2009 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):

5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 147
4.9% (2009 est.)
Central bank discount rate:

10.75% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 38
8.75% (31 December 2009 est.)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:

39.992% (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 3
44.65% (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of narrow money:

$169.2 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
$143.7 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of broad money:

$1.826 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
$1.522 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of domestic credit:

$2.193 trillion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 11
$1.769 trillion (31 December 2009 est.)
Market value of publicly traded shares:

$1.546 trillion (31 December 2010)
country comparison to the world: 13
$1.167 trillion (31 December 2009)
$589.4 billion (31 December 2008)
Agriculture - products:

coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
Industries:

textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other

machinery and equipment
Industrial production growth rate:

10.5% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
Electricity - production:

461.1 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Electricity - consumption:

421 billion kWh (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 10
Electricity - exports:

1.08 billion kWh (2009 est.)
Electricity - imports:

39.67 billion kWh; note - supplied by Paraguay (2009 est.)
Oil - production:

2.746 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 9
Oil - consumption:

2.654 million bbl/day (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
Oil - exports:

699,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
Oil - imports:

720,000 bbl/day (2009 est.)
country comparison to the world: 20
Oil - proved reserves:

12.86 billion bbl (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 15
Natural gas - production:

12.41 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 37
Natural gas - consumption:

25.13 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 30
Natural gas - exports:

0 cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 66
Natural gas - imports:

12.72 billion cu m (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 19
Natural gas - proved reserves:

366.4 billion cu m (1 January 2011 est.)
country comparison to the world: 35
Current account balance:

-$47.36 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 189
-$24.3 billion (2009 est.)
Exports:

$201.9 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$153 billion (2009 est.)
Exports - commodities:

transport equipment, iron ore, soybeans, footwear, coffee, autos
Exports - partners:

China 15.2%, US 9.6%, Argentina 9.2%, Netherlands 5.1%, Germany 4% (2010)
Imports:

$181.7 billion (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 22
$127.7 billion (2009 est.)
Imports - commodities:

machinery, electrical and transport equipment, chemical products, oil, automotive parts, electronics
Imports - partners:

US 15%, China 14.1%, Argentina 7.9%, Germany 6.9%, South Korea 4.6% (2010)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:

$288.6 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 7
$238.5 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Debt - external:

$346.5 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 26
$276.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:

$368.4 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 14
$319.9 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:

$128.9 billion (31 December 2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 24
$117.4 billion (31 December 2009 est.)
Exchange rates:

reals (BRL) per US dollar -
1.77 (2010)
2 (2009)
1.8644 (2008)
1.85 (2007)
2.1761 (2006)
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Telephones - main lines in use:

41.497 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 6
Telephones - mobile cellular:

173.959 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 5
Telephone system:

general assessment: good working system including an extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic

satellite system with 64 earth stations; mobile-cellular usage has more than tripled in the past 5 years
domestic: fixed-line connections have remained relatively stable in recent years and stand at about 20 per 100

persons; less expensive mobile-cellular technology has been a major driver in expanding telephone service to the

lower-income segments of the population with mobile-cellular teledensity approaching 90 per 100 persons in 2009
international: country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Americas-1, Americas-

2, Atlantis-2, GlobeNet, South Amrica-1, South American Crossing/Latin American Nautilius, and UNISUR that provide

direct connectivity to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth

stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay

system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2009)
Broadcast media:

state-run Radiobras operates a radio and a television network; more than 1,000 radio stations and more than 100 TV

channels operating - mostly privately owned; private media ownership highly concentrated (2007)
Internet country code:

.br
Internet hosts:

19.316 million (2010)
country comparison to the world: 5
Internet users:

75.982 million (2009)
country comparison to the world: 4
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Airports:

4,072 (2010)
country comparison to the world: 2
Airports - with paved runways:

total: 726
over 3,047 m: 7
2,438 to 3,047 m: 28
1,524 to 2,437 m: 176
914 to 1,523 m: 460
under 914 m: 55 (2010)
Airports - with unpaved runways:

total: 3,346
1,524 to 2,437 m: 87
914 to 1,523 m: 1,617
under 914 m: 1,642 (2010)
Heliports:

13 (2010)
Pipelines:

condensate/gas 62 km; gas 13,514 km; liquid petroleum gas 352 km; oil 3,729 km; refined products 4,684 km (2010)
Railways:

total: 28,538 km
country comparison to the world: 10
broad gauge: 5,627 km 1.600-m gauge (467 km electrified)
standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge
narrow gauge: 22,717 km 1.000-m gauge (2010)
Roadways:

total: 1,751,868 km
country comparison to the world: 4
paved: 96,353 km
unpaved: 1,655,515 km (2004)
Waterways:

50,000 km (most in areas remote from industry and population) (2010)
country comparison to the world: 3
Merchant marine:

total: 126
country comparison to the world: 45
by type: bulk carrier 19, cargo 18, chemical tanker 6, container 12, liquefied gas 12, passenger/cargo 10,

petroleum tanker 42, roll on/roll off 7
foreign-owned: 26 (Chile 1, Denmark 3, Germany 6, Greece 1, Norway 3, Spain 12)
registered in other countries: 27 (Argentina 1, Bahamas 1, Ghana 1, Liberia 20, Marshall Islands 1, Panama 3)

(2010)
Ports and terminals:

cargo ports (tonnage): Ilha Grande (Gebig), Paranagua, Rio Grande, Santos, Sao Sebastiao, Tubarao
container ports (TEUs): Santos (2,677,839), Itajai (693,580)
oil terminals: DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal
Transportation - note:

the International Maritime Bureau reports that the territorial and offshore waters in the Atlantic Ocean remain a

significant risk for piracy and armed robbery against ships; 2010 saw an 80% increase in attacks over 2009;

numerous commercial vessels were attacked and hijacked both at anchor and while underway; crews were robbed and

stores or cargoes stolen
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Military branches:

Brazilian Army (Exercito Brasileiro, EB), Brazilian Navy (Marinha do Brasil (MB), includes Naval Air and Marine

Corps (Corpo de Fuzileiros Navais)), Brazilian Air Force (Forca Aerea Brasileira, FAB) (2011)
Military service age and obligation:

21-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 9 to 12 months; 17-45 years of

age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women

were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army

in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve

Corps (2001)
Manpower available for military service:

males age 16-49: 53,350,703
females age 16-49: 53,433,918 (2010 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:

males age 16-49: 38,993,989
females age 16-49: 44,841,661 (2010 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

male: 1,733,168
female: 1,672,477 (2010 est.)
Military expenditures:

1.7% of GDP (2009)
country comparison to the world: 88
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Disputes - international:

uncontested boundary dispute between Brazil and Uruguay over Braziliera/Brasiliera Island in the Quarai/Cuareim

River leaves the tripoint with Argentina in question; smuggling of firearms and narcotics continues to be an issue

along the Uruguay-Brazil border; Colombian-organized illegal narcotics and paramilitary activities penetrate

Brazil's border region with Venezuela
Illicit drugs:

second-largest consumer of cocaine in the world; illicit producer of cannabis; trace amounts of coca cultivation

in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control

cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe; also

used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-

related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit

narcotics proceeds are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the

Tri-Border Area (2008)